What is the purpose of Rho(D) immune globulin administration during pregnancy and after birth?

• A. Prevents maternal formation of anti-D antibodies that could affect future Rh-positive pregnancies.
• B. Vaccinates the newborn against Rh antigens.
• C. Treats newborn anemia due to Rh incompatibility.
• D. Prevents alloimmunization in all offspring regardless of maternal blood type.

Answer: (A)

Preventing maternal sensitization to the Rh antigen is the goal. Rho(D) immune globulin provides passive anti-D antibodies to the mother, which bind any fetal Rh-positive red cells that may enter maternal circulation. This prevents the mother’s immune system from recognizing the D antigen and forming her own anti-D antibodies, thereby reducing the risk of alloimmunization that could affect future Rh-positive pregnancies. It’s given to Rh-negative women during pregnancy (often around 28 weeks) and within about 72 hours after birth if the newborn is Rh-positive, and in other situations with potential fetomaternal bleeding. It is not a vaccine for the newborn, does not treat newborn anemia, and only prevents sensitization when the mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive.